FN-4
- Active and passive devices (field effect transistors, field emitters, displays, electron multipliers, radiation detectors, sensors, magnetic and electronic data storage)
- Nanoelectronics, spintronics, quantum information processing
- Optics and photonics
- Energy harvesting: solar cells and other methods
- Energy storage and conversion (batteries, supercapacitors, fuel cells, thermoelectrics, solid state lighting)
- Water desalination and purification
- Catalysis
- Thermal and mechanical applications (heat sinks, heat spreaders, nanolubricants, etc.)
- MEMS/NEMS for mechanical, electrochemical, sensor etc. devices
- Biosensors, gas sensors
- Biomedical applications: bio imaging, drug delivery, regenerative medicine